RR, it sure wasn't going 3,500 fps at the 500 yd line. But at what velocity does a bullet start transmiting massive amounts of hydraulic shock? I dunno.[:-] And most likely at that range the deer was pretty relaxed or maybe even unaware the grim reaper was near. From what I've seen, you can knock a relaxed deer over with a fly swatter. They die easy. But put one in panic mode and it's a different story. Shucks, I've seen jackrabbits that were almost shot in half drag themselves 50 yards before dying. Adrenalin is a powerful medicine.