RE: distinguishing predators?
From my observations - Deer veiw coyotes and humans very differently. Around here, humans ignite a greater escape reflex, causing deer to run further, faster.
However deer also learn to view a predator on an individual level. they can tell how much of a threat is posed. I have seen deer simply watch a coyote from 50 yards away, when it was clear the coyote was going somewhere and was not hunting.
I believe deer also distinguish this between humans. They can tell the difference between someone perched on a tree stand and that same person, a week later, going for a walk in a field 300 yards away. It is pretty simple when you think of it, when you are hunting you move differently, and more importantly in my opinion: you react differently when you see a deer and if that deer already sees you...well, they certainly can tell what objective you have.