RE: How far will a 40 cal or a 9mm Carbine kill a deer?
A hot 9mm round can get pretty close to .357 mag ballistics, and probably better out of the longer barrel of a carbine.
Why does everyone think killing a deer is so difficult and you need so much power to do it? You can kill them with cap and ball muskets and .410 slugs, a modern 9mm round with the proper bullet should be plenty to take one with proper shot placement.
My personal opinion distance wise with a 9mm carbine probably 50 yards and in.
Wouldn't be my first pic for a deer gun, but it would work in a pinch.