cayugad,I agree with what you said if it is applied correctly, the " charts as such do not take "muzzleloaders" into consideration. And circumstances can change things for instance the bit about expansion the most dangerious game is normally hunted with bullets that are designed so the wont expand. I guess what we are getting at is that you have to interperate charts and other ballistic data correctly and apply it correctly which generally takes a certain amout of experance. Lee