You don't need much smack for 150 yards on deer. It'd be worth it to try the 125 grain Federal loads and the Leverevolution Hornadyy loads before discounting the .30/30. Those loads have more velocity and the bullets open up faster to put more energy into the deer than the traditional, heavier loads.

However, it is always a good idea to have a backup. A .45/70 with cast lead would be suitable. If none of those is attractive a .308 class cartridge, including the 7mm-08 and .260 might be more appropriate and easier to handle than the /06 class stuff. 7mm-08s and .308s are just as affordable as /06s.

I use a .260 for what you'r talking about, btw. Might get a .40-65 one of these days so I can shoot my deer with free wheel weights.