Both cartridges are great short range deer rounds. I would give the 30-30 a slight performance edge. But not much. The larger Meplat of the 44 magnum is a great short distance asset. If I were only buying one then I would go with the 44 magnum. My reason for picking the 44 is easy, ammo is cheaper to buy, and cheaper to reload. This will allow you to practice more, for less money. Tom.