Any one of the cartridges you mentioned would be fine. Most people would consider 7mm to be overkill for whitetail. .30-06 is also very powerful. .270 and .243 would offer a lot less kick. It depends on what you are looking for. I personally like .30-06 or .270, but my dad hunts deer with a .243.
Hammer meet nail. .30-'06 and .270 are old reliables that are incredibly versatile. Throw the .308 in that category as well.
.243 is great for light recoil, but isn't the best choice for game that's bigger than deer. (Use the heavier bullet weights on deer; the lighter ones are for varmints).
A 7mm mag is a bit heavy but will work. Recoil will be more and magnum shells tend to be more expensive.