I imagine you can shoot them safely enough, but the projectiles they contain must have spin to make them stable and to fly point-forward. That takes a rifled barrel, or at least a screw-in rifled choke tube, to set them spinning. If you can't spin them, the target couldn't be any further away than 8'-10', if you want to hit it!

I remember well when the 12-ga. BRI "dumbell" shaped sabot slugs first became available around 1972. The makers claimed they could be shot from a smoothbore, as the rear "fins" would make them fly point-forward. Well, I tried them in my Ithaca Deerslayer, (a smoothbore) a scoped gun which would shoot Remington Foster slugs into 3" @ 100 yards. Well, the BRI dumbell slugs flew sideways, broke in two in the middle, etc., etc. In other words they didn't work in any smoothbore we tried them in!!

With a smoothbore, you are better off using the old, Foster-type slugs or an original Brenneke-type. This includes the Lightfield Brenneke style which are very powerful slugs!