What you have is the middle version of Disc Extreme. It has the screw to hold the bolt in instead of the newer quick release. It comes with the non c-tool bolt.

I think I know what you did. It's a common mistake the first time you take apart the bolt. Screw the Secondary saftey all the way in, then when you can go no further the stainless portion should be able to uncrew from the rest. When you put it back together you have to make sure to get it aligned right.

If you look at the back of the silver part you'll see a little notch. If the bolt han dle is at 12 O'clock, then the notch is at 6 O'clock. If you look at the black part and loosten the safety you'll see there's a part that moves back and forth. On that part is a little "finger". To align the bolt properly the finger must be in the notch.

When you screw the silver piece on screw it in as far as it will go then back it off till the notch is over the finger. Thenloosen thethe safety and your bolt is aligned properly. A few times and you don't even think about it anymore.

Here's a scan of the page from the manual for you for reference.