Quilly in regards to the shoulders, yes with the right setup and the proper distance and the right broadhead they can, but........and this is a BIG BUT! you need to stick with the boiler room shots, many times the shoulder blade will deflect a braodhead, I know, I nicked the tip of the shoulder blade on the deer I shot this year, I got real lucky and it deflected up into her spine and shattered it, she dropped like a ton of lead bricks. The reason I hit her there was she jumped the string causing my shot to go high and forward just enough to catch the very end of her shoulder blade.

I will leave it to others to answer the distance gone and how long to wait on lung/heart shots, here is what I have heard from the better hunters here, with a double lung shot, the deer could go anywhere from 20 yards to over 100 yards, you should always give a double lunger at least 1/2 hour before tracking. Other hits I will let others describe, but some hits you should wait 3-4 hours or more.

The Tazman aka Martin Price
Founder and President of
Virginia Disabled Outdoorsmen Club