Underclocked,while its quite easy to understablize a bullet and easy to detect the problem when it is extreme over stabilization is much more subtile and in the begining stages only opens the group. I think what happened with the very good 1-38 twist and the 1-20 twist are good examples. The 1-38 went by the way side because people insisted on trying to shoot long heavy bullets through it when its best with bullets under 250gr, mine will shoot nice tight groups with round ball and 90 gr of P. While the 1-20 should work well with long heavy bullets usually 300gr +. There really should be a point where you have max potential for one hole groups the thng that makes sorting all that out difficult is that the whip or vibration of the barrel also enters into it and since in a rifled barrel that is circular it makes a complete sepertae tuning problem. That makes it necessary to work up and down the powder ladder while not getting to far from the right velicity. The thing that makes it interesting is that after playing with the math I went out to the range and it worked for me know I would like for some one else that has done the same to varify it so I know its not a flukeLee