It sounds to me like you hit the high ridge on the shoulder. It is very thick, especialy on larger deer. I don't any broadhead would have busted through. If you would hit 1" either way you probably would have your deer now. As it stands I feel pretty confident in saying that while he will be uncomfortable for a while, he will still be runing around chasing does and driving bowhunters crazy!
I would not blame the broadhead. Shot placement was the problem here, and It has been my experience the ridge on the shoulder is almost impossible to penetrate with archery gear. It is several inches of solid bone. It is possible that another head May have done better, but I doubt it.

TAKE YOUR KIDS HUNTING AND YOU WON'T BE HUNTING FOR YOUR KIDS