I use delorme topo usa, DNR maps and compasses. Someday I'll get a GPS unit but for now I use maps. With delorme you can download aerials and usgs overlays and then do 3D flyovers with the software. You can print out maps at all kinds of scales. It is great for doing extensive map recon before going in on foot. When I do get in on foot I mark the maps I have printed out with different things, rubs, scrapes, animal trails, etc. I also check out what look like natural funnels on the map and sometimes they are, sometimes they aren't. Remember though, the deeper you go in the farther you will have to drag out.