ORIGINAL: Soilarch
Put a 24" barrel on a 308 and 22" barrel on a 30-06 and watch two ballistic 'sisters' look like twins. And then if you want to hand load you can easily have the 308 past factory 30-06.
Comparing apples to oranges there, aren't you?
Having said that and having given the whole 308/30-06 alot of thought and time reading charts I still laugh when people say the 308 can't do something a 30-06 can. Unless you load the 200+ bullets your barrel could make up the little difference.
I thought that, generally speaking, an inch of barrel length makes about a 10 fps difference. So, if you're comparing a 22" .30-06 to a 30" .308, they ought to be about equal...
For practical purposes, with bullets under 180 grains, the two are essentially ballistic twins with factory loads. A deer won't be able to tell the difference. But, for larger bullets, the 06 definitely has an advantage. And, I would expect, given the larger case, handload vs. handload, the 06 still comes out a little ahead.