Rifled slugs will shoot thru a full choke, if it wasn't a rifled slug I wouldn't do it though. The rifling is there to crush as it goes through the choke. However full chokes usually don't give too good of accuracy, it really deforms the slug when it exits. You would have better luck if it were a modified or IC choke. Good luck finding that in a 410 though. From what I understand most are full choke which is why they can be a bit tricky to shoot.

As far as distance, my advice would be to stay in bow ranges, say 30 yards or so, 50 would be pushing it unless your gun was pretty darn accurate at that distance and you could put the bullet right where you wanted it.

Stepping up to a 20 ga is much better for deer.

Personally I would rather use a .357 revolver over a 410 slug if given the choice.

Paul