I agree this is an area that is very confusing for many including myself. I have heard stories from well seasoned hunters about a fellow hunting 500 yards away from them that couldn't bugle with a damn only to discover that it was a bull. I use my area to my advantage i hunt elk in farmland and wait for them to exit a provicial park so i use common sense. If i hear a bugle from outside the park at 6pm i know it is not an elk because they would never move out that early.Something else i noticed is that many buglers do the same thing everytime. Bugle then chuckle 4 times after to sound like the perfect elk. In my opinon sometimes if its too good to be true it probably isn't. I like to sometimes just chuckle, bugle and chuckle, just bugle , or squeal/whine a bit. The best calling tips i ever got where not from a magazine but watching, listening elk outside of the season. I use The Power Bugle, its a pretty good call and usually stick with a young bull band but carry older bull bands just in case. It is a pretty versatile call, really easy to use but i cannot get that real deep growl at the begining of a bugle out of it but i really don't need that for the bulls i would ever shoot in my area. So ya thats my opinon but the other guys on here call more bulls in one day than i do in a season so be interesting to see what they have to say.