RE: killed elk with which cartridges?
I have seen both deer and elk hit several times through the vitals before going down. Hit in the vitals that miss the shoulder or spine are not usually a drop in their tracks type shot. That would be with any caliber at times. Power to reach the vitals must be there but once the vitals are hit, its over even though they might run a ways first. Use whatever turns your cranks but don't expect lung or even heart shots to instantly drop any critter.