lunchbucket - yes, all of the above. I pretty much followed the directions to a tee, and I have a ph meter. Acidity level is just right. Fertilized per the suggestions on the Imperial bag. I burned off the existing grasses/vegetation (I don't like messing with chemicals), I disced the soil, disced in the fertilizer, broadcast the seed, pulled my homemade drag over it, and watered it for the first several days, then came the rain. Same procedure with the Biologic plot 10 feet away. Biologic came up great and is still growing even with mod./heavy grazing pressure. Imperial hasn't done much. I am located in NW Arkansas and I planted in late Sept. FYI