I was just patterning a Charles Daly field model pumper with an Undertaker choke the other day with various shot , the max effective range for all was 30 yards . Tested were 3" 1.25 OZ. #4 , 2.75" 1 OZ. #6 , and 2.75" 7/8 OZ. #7.5 shot , all patterned well enough for a kill .