You have asked about range and your getting answers about power.

Power does not equal range.

Velocity plus bullet weight and shape are bigger factors.

basically the 22 rimfire is a 50 yard cartridge for rabbits and squirrels and other small game. Velocity is about 1,100'/sec

There are a few short range rifles in centerfire such as the 30 carbine, the 32-20, 25-20, 22 hornet, 30-30 win, and others that vary in power but have a range of about 150 yards. Velocity is about 2,000'/sec here

There's a lot of 22 centerfires that are mostly used as varmint rounds such as the 222, 22-250, 220 Swift etc and their range varies from 250 to 400 yards. That said thy aren't terribly powerful but most can be used for deer hunting in stayes where they are legal. Velocities run 3,000 to 4,000'/sec

The big game rifles including the 270, 280, 30-06, 300 mags, 338 mags, 375 H&H are all very powerful and all have about 400 yard ranges. They all have the power to kill anything on the planet but are not allowed for dangerous game in Africa....except the .375 H&H. Velocities run from 2,500 to 3300'/sec

Then we move up to the 40 calibers and larger. These are classified as the dangerous game rifles. They shoot much heavier bullets...usually from 400 grains and up to 1,000 although most don't shoot over 500 grains of bullet.

They are immensely powerful but their velocity often times reduces the range and most of these are shot at 150 yards and less. Velocities average about 2,400'/sec

All of these categories has it's exceptions and exemptions as well.

Understanding the firearms industry is like understanding women. Give up.....you don't have a chance.