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Black powder is made of potassium nitrate (saltpeter), sulfur and charcoal. When ignited, it causes a dense cloud of white smoke. It comes in four sizes or granulations:
[ul][*]Fg: Coarse grain typically used in cannons, rifles larger than .75 caliber and 10-gauge shotguns or larger[*]FFg: Medium grain typically used in larger rifles between .50 and .75 caliber, 20-gauge to 12-gauge shotguns and pistols larger than .50 caliber[*]FFFg: Fine grain typically used in smaller rifles and pistols under .50 caliber and smaller shotguns[*]FFFFg: Extra-fine grain typically used as a priming powder in flintlocks
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Pyrodex® and Clear Shot are black powder substitutes that can be used in amounts equal to black powder, but loading may vary. Be sure to consult instructions from a qualified gunsmith for loading procedures. Substitutes are not recommended for use in flintlocks because they may not ignite from sparks as easily.