As an arrow kills by hemoraging, vs. hydrostatic shock as with a bullet, arrow struck deer require time to die. Seldom do they ever drop in their tracks, unless the spine is severed. The area of a whitetail directly behind and to the rear or the shoulder contains the vital organs...lungs, heart, and liver. A whitetail struck through one of these organs will almost always die, but not before running for some distance. My own experience has been for double-lung hit deer to run between 25 to 600 yards, with 75 to 100 yards being an average.

The proper aiming point on a whitetail is immediately to the rear of the shoulder, and about 2/5 the way up the body. My best advise would be to do a search on whitetail anatomy to find diagrams to see the location of vital organs with your own eyes. But don't expect arrow hit deer to drop in their tracks. That is by far the exception.