10 monthsis more then enough time for the powder to have caused considerable damage to the bore of the rifle and neglect to the outside in the form of finger prints and fowling might have cause rust to occur there. All you can do is clean the rifle real well and see if there is damage. You did not mention the kind of rifle you were shooting. It it has a removable breech plug then take it out (if you can) and inspect the bore of the rifle. Then start cleaning. The sooner the better.

I should add, or point out all is not lost. I have seen rifles abused and they were still saved. If you have any doubts of the rifle's strength or integrity then get it to a qualified gun smith for a good inspection.