My guess would be any caliber consistently choosen by irresponsible shooters. Could be a 300 Wby Mag, could be a .223, poor shot placement wounds deer. Hunters not doing their part by going out and firing their rifle on a regular basis, no 10 shots a year from the picnic table just before hunting season does not count, that causes wonded deer. If you practice shooting from the kneeling, sitting, and standing positions at least, and do it as often as possible (at least once per month anyway) and study the antimony of a deer I promise you will not wound a deer. Just my opinion after observation.