John Bear, I have never taken a Moose with my bow but have taken Bear,Deer, Caribou and Elk with a bow.
Like all other weapons how far an animal travels or suffers after the shot depends on the shot placement, where on the body you hit the animal.
With modern broadheads and heavy bows a hit in the vitals (heart or lungs) will bring down most big game animals within or less than 100 yeards. More often its 50 yards but 100 is not uncommon.
I think a lot of it depends on the equipment you can use and of course the skill of the hunter and his or her marksmenship.
Have you ever watched any of the videos where the big game animals you ask about are taken with a bow?