Maps. Staying away from those "checkerboards" is what the "outfitters" leasing the private ground adjoining the public ground want you to do. It leaves them a whole lot more ground to hunt, free from your interference.
However, if you can navigate the checkerboards confidently... They'll hate you.
The area from T-Basin southwest toward Casper holds lots of goats. It can be challenging finding access, and you're competing with a lot of other hunters. It's not at all uncommon to find yourself glassing a herd and seeing another hunter glassing them from another direction. Make sure you have a good spotting scope, don't sweep another hunter with your rifle's optic.
Water is a good indicator, but you won't necessarily find goats gathered around it. They'll wander out and graze elsewhere. A waterhole is a good place to set up a ground blind if you're bowhunting, but if you're hunting with a rifle, it's not something you absolutely need to set up over. Eventually, goats will come in for a drink, but...
The hunt is one thing. I'd encourage you to have a plan for after your animal is down. Goat season is pretty early in the fall, and the plains can be pretty warm yet. Lots of opportunity for spoilage if you don't have a plan or sense of urgency to cool the carcass down.