You could still plant winter rye, oats, winter wheat, and brassicas (or some mix of these). You may be able to plant clover or alfalfa (depends on soil pH) yet this year. In general, you want 6 weeks before the first frost for the clover and alfalfa to catch. The grasses (winter rye/wheat, oats) and brassicas can handle colder temperatures.
I would take a soil sample, spray with roundup and 2,4-d mix ASAP, work up the ground 2 weeks after spraying. You should have the soil test back in 2 weeks, and then you can decide what you want to plant based on the test results and your budget. Broadcast seeding usually works well, especially if done on worked ground just before a rain.