Now, to add some levity to the math here, let's not forget the primary advantage of a rifle that prints 5" groups at 100 yards. When we miss that 500-yard shot on that trophy elk, it very likely WAS the rifle's fault.
The biggest elk I saw this season embarrassed me. Because the rifle I was using usually turns 1/2" groups at 100 yards, that 200-yard miss was ALL me. I have no excuse. Shameful.