RE: least powerful cartridge
I' ll weigh in on this one.
Rifle .270 or larger - but I do believe Jack O' Conner was right about the .270.
Pistol - .357 is a good miminum, but with right conditions, I might shoot one with my 9mm.
I also prefer big chunks of lead for close in setups, so I say that .450 Marlin is perfect. But to each his own!!!