If you can find some cereal rye/winter rye in place of the oats or wheat that will work. Rye is very cold tolerate.
Clover will stop growing after a hard freeze, but will come back next spring. Fall planted clover seems to be the way to go for me. I'm preparing a plot now that is very similar to what you have in mind. Here in the mid-atlantic states oats will usually survive winter and the deer seem to favor that over rye or wheat. Up in your area the oats probably won't survive, but could still be worth trying.
Austrian Winter Peas are cold hardy to a degree also. I'm planning on planting oats, awp, clover and a little alfalfa around Labor Day or a little after. You may need to go a week or two earlier.
I killed the weeds and grass around July 4th with Glyphosate and just applied lime a couple days ago.
