RE: M44 Mosin Nagant
NO! Not to beat a dead horse, . . .
This would be like shooting a .308 in a .30/06 or a 7mm/08 in a 7mm mag. The shorter cases would not seat in the throat/chamber and would case major issues!!
The only cartridge that I know that can be interchanged is a 38 specialcan be shot out of a.357 mag chamber but not the other way around.