In the real world the 30-06 will get more velocity from almost all bullet weights. In the hunting fields though both are fairly equal and what one will kill, so will the other. The 308 has the advantage of the shorter action but when it comes to pure velocity and versitility, the 06 still has the edge. If I were hunting deer size game and smaller I would buy a 308. If elk and bigger, the 30-06. This is just because of the advantage with 180 and heavier bullets in the 06. Either way your a winner.