True . . . factory 30-06 ammo is loaded to about 10% less pressure than .308 factory ammo; and with factory loads they are about the same velocities with bullet weights of 165 grains or less. Starting with 180 grain bullets, though, the extra case capacity and overall length of the 30-06 starts to overshadow the .308 Winchester - probably because you have to seat the bullets so deeply in the .308 to make the maximum overall length of 2.800. I built a .308 tactical rifle a couple years ago on a long action, and the shooter was able to get right at 2800 fps out of 180 gr. bullets when seating them out past the normal overall length. Bottom line is that they are really close, despite the obvious difference is case size.
Sorry, I would have to see the .308 that can push a 180 grain bullet at 2800 fps. Even with excessive freebore, I would still have to see it to believe it. A long action make no difference in maximun overall length for a cartridge. The supposed advantage a short action has is the fact that it is stiffer. As most handloaders are aware, SAAMI overall length is not necessarly the right overall length for an individual rifle. Any .308 cartridge loaded to SAAMI overall length will fit is an .308 rifle, this is the intent of establishing a standard overall length. While seating the 308s bullet out will increase case capacity, I seriously doubt the 308 can push a 180 grain pill 100 fps faster than listed speeds a 30-06 can deliver. I am betting Roskoe mistyped his post.
The real reason a 30-06 will shoot a bullet faster than a .308 is the same reason a 300 WM will shoot a bullet faster than a 30-06....case capacity. Granted, powders have evolved. However, powders have evolved for all calibers, not just the .308.
The advantage of the .308 is not small. It is an extremely accurate cartridge design, more accurate that the 30-06 as a general rule. Also, the .308 has substantially less recoil than the 30-06. This makes the .308 easier to shoot well.