Depends a lot on what you mean by "quickly".

Neither apple trees or oak trees will give you instant gratification.

The quickest to bear in the oak tree category would be sawtooth oaks, I believe they can put out acorns in 5 years or so.
But how big a crop you would get in those first bearing years I don't know. I'm thinking enough to keep a family of squirrels
happy is all you can expect.

For apple trees not only do you need to worry about how many years it will take them to deliver a crop you have to worry about when in the year they will bear the fruit. If your season starts in November it won't do you much good if all your fruit is eaten up in September. Two late bearing apples are Arkansas Black and Northern Spy.