If you shoot off the shelf, feathers will be the only thing that will work. They collapse as they pass over the shelf. Vanes will work if you shoot off an elevatedrest which gives way.
I don't think the arrow shaft material makes much difference. There are those using all of them effectively. It's a matter of personal preference.
Yes, if you plan on having the fletching make any kind of contact, you will need to use feathers.
Like wingbone has stated, there are those who prefer to use any of the shaft amterial mentioned. Personally, I'd use tapered carbon, but unfortunately, I go through a lot of arrows [], so I stick with aluminums since they are the most economical.
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"I do not Hunt animals to Kill them. I kill animals because I Hunt." Roger Rothhaar
arrows?
], so I stick with aluminums since they are the most economical. 
