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Nontypical Buck
Join Date: Feb 2007
Location: Somewhere
Posts: 2,509
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RE: Holy Ghost/Holy Spirit
Four words"two Hebrew and two Greek"are translated "spirit" in the Bible. Of these four, two are used only twice: the Hebrew word neshamah, which means "breath," and the Greek word phantasma, which means "phantom" or "apparition." The other two words are the Hebrew ruach and the Greek pneuma, each used several hundred times. Understanding these words is crucial to understanding the Holy Spirit.
Ruach means "breath, air; strength; wind; breeze; spirit; courage; temper; Spirit" (Vine's Complete Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words, Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nashville, 1985, p. 240). Of the 378 times it is used in the King James Version, it is translated "Spirit" or "spirit" 272 times, "wind" 92 times, "breath" 27 times and in other ways 27 times. Ruach is used similarly in most other Bible versions.
The concepts of "wind," "breath" and "spirit" were all related in biblical thought and language. We see these intertwined in the use of ruach in Ezekiel 37, which describes a great multitude of people being resurrected and restored to physical life to understand God's truth. In this fascinating account, what is even more extraordinary is the way ruach expresses the connection of these ideas. To illustrate, ruach is inserted wherever it appears in this passage.
"The hand of the Lord came upon me and brought me out in the Spirit [ruach] of the Lord, and set me down in the midst of the valley; and it was full of bones ... He said to me, 'Prophesy to these bones, and say to them, "O dry bones, hear the word of the Lord! Thus says the Lord God to these bones: 'Surely I will cause breath [ruach] to enter into you, and you shall live'...
"So I prophesied as I was commanded; and as I prophesied, there was a noise, and suddenly a rattling; and the bones came together, bone to bone. Indeed, as I looked, the sinews and the flesh came upon them, and the skin covered them over; but there was no breath [ruach] in them. Also He said to me, 'Prophesy to the breath [ruach], prophesy, son of man, and say to the breath [ruach], "Thus says the Lord God: 'Come from the four winds [ruach], O breath [ruach], and breathe on these slain, that they may live.'" So I prophesied as He commanded me, and breath [ruach] came into them, and they lived, and stood upon their feet, an exceedingly great army.
"Then He said to me, ... "Prophesy and say to them, ... 'I will put My Spirit [ruach] in you, and you shall live, and I will place you in your own land. Then you shall know that I, the Lord, have spoken it and performed it,' says the Lord" (Ezekiel 37:1, 4-5, 7-11, 14).
Here we see ruach translated three ways in one chapter: Spirit (referring to God's Spirit), breath and wind.
'Spirit' in Greek
What is the meaning of pneuma? This word "primarily denotes 'the wind' (akin to pneo, 'to breathe, blow'); also 'breath'; then, especially 'the spirit,' which, like the wind, is invisible, immaterial and powerful" (ibid., p. 593). It is used 385 times in the King James Version and is usually translated "Spirit" or "spirit."
Look at pneuma. We can see that Greek root in several modern English words such as pneumonia, which is an acute infection of the human respiratory system; pneumatic, referring to something powered by air pressure; and the science of pneumatics, which studies the properties of air and other gases. All of these have to do with air, breathing, wind or being powered by air. When you breathe, what is your body doing? It is creating wind going into and out of the body; breathing is simply creating wind on a small scale.
Pneuma is the equivalent of the Hebrew ruach. In Luke 4:18, where Christ read from Isaiah 61:1, the account substitutes pneuma for the Hebrew ruach in referring to "the Spirit [ruach/pneuma] of the Lord." The Septuagint, a Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures (known commonly as the Old Testament) prepared in the third and second century B.C. and used in the time of the early Church, translated ruach as pneuma (Spiros Zodhiates, The Complete Word Study Dictionary: New Testament, AMG Publishers, Chattanooga, 1992, p. 1185).
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The great day of the LORD is near, it is near, and hasteth greatly, even the voice of the day of the LORD: the mighty man shall cry there bitterly. Zephaniah 1:14
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