I have a civil background, which only taught me how to recognize topographical features in the field (from a map). Knowing why deer use certain terrain features is something you're gonna have to get from someone in the know.
There's a "pretty good" book called "Mapping Trophy Bucks (or whitetails...not sure). But, it's fairly basic. My advice would be to find someone who knows them well (Gri22 has been a wonderful resource, for me) and pick their brain. I must have sent Josh 30 maps last season alone. After a while, you start to recognize the features they (deer) like....and they stand out.
It also helps (starting out) if you have an aerial to overlay your topo on. My county GIS gives me great maps.