I hate to try and answer that. But if I had to... 200 yards would be all I would let the rifle do with that load.
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"Life should NOT be a journey to the grave with the intention of arriving safely in an attractive and well preserved body, but rather to skid in sideways, a total wreck, screaming Yahoo, with a big smile on your face."
When you are pushing a good quality bullet at the velocities you are talking about. Your distance should be limited by two items. First one is your equipment. And the second item is your ability. Those are the limiting factors here. Not the load. Tom.
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West by God Virginia.
We need to stop using these terms today, "Sniper Rifle", "Tactical", "Assault Weapon".
A lot of things to factor in; are you using a scope, do you practice at that range,heat.wind rain. I have killed a deer at 150 yards using a 245 grain powerbelt and 110gr t7. Looking back on it I dont think i would take that shot again.
I have taken two deer at long range with that load. 100 gr 777 and a 250 gr shockwave and 100 gr 777 and a 250 gr barnes TMZ, The first deer was 223 yards. the second was at 234 yards, Both with my Triumph. Neither went more than 20 yards. The second even had a pass through , so I know that a 250 gr bullet and a 100 gr of 777 will kill a deer over 200 yards but I wouldn't recommend shooting those distances. I have now upped my charge to 130 gr for shooting those ranges but that's because I have been using one of my Knights lately and it likes a 130 gr better.
The things that limit long range shooting are practice and wind, I practice a lot and won't take a shot at over 100yds if there is much wind or it is unpredictable.I take deer bear and hogs out to 200 yds if the conditions are good light and very little wind are very important to shooting that far. I practice out to out 250 regular but normally don't shoot past 175 yds because of the time the bullet takes to get there; if a deer is taking a step when the gun goes off at 200 yds it turns a good hit into a bad one.
Lee...
The things that limit long range shooting are practice and wind, I practice a lot and won't take a shot at over 100yds if there is much wind or it is unpredictable.
It is my opinion that Lee gave you a great straight up answer... the biggest factor going at that distancein my mind are the different wind current your bullet will pass through on the way. IMO external factors, that you do not deal with on a regular basis, are the greatest single impact on shootling long distance...
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Keep on Shooting Muzzleloaders they are a Blast