Like said water is a key as it holds veg. they feed on. Natural grasses, aquatic plants, willows, etc.
In terms of calling I prefer cow bellars to begin with if the rut is on. In pre rut bull calls and raking works well. Grunts and raking also work well when a bull hangs up on you. For raking a sturdy stick, paddle or beef or larger game shoulder blade work well. The paddle and shoulder blades can also be used as visual for an approaching bull. Moose eyesight isn't great but they pick up the flash of an antler at long distance. Most times cupped hands with a pinch of the nose is adequate, however if i need range on my calls I use a birchbark megaphone. Whinny and nasally for cows, when producing a bellar, like a domestic beef cow but in stead of moo its errrah sound and longer in duration then a beef bellar 5-15 seconds worth depending on how many call stacks you do. Bull grunts are basically a owUUH sound. Wait and listen then repeat in 15-20 mins if you get no response.
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